Overview of

Biomedical Waste Management

Hospital and other health care establishments on the other hand generate huge quantities of waste including bio-medical waste. Hospital waste is always considered as a potential hazard to human being. Therefore, their safe collection, storage, transportation and disposal at site or in a Treatment facility are absolutely essential. The major identified health hazard is the infection. Give the toxic and extremely infectious nature of the medical waste generated in the process of diagnosis, treatment, surgical interventions, blood transfusions and immunization etc., patients and staff are generally exposed to high risks of infections including the most dreaded diseases like Hepatitis- B, HIV, AIDS etc.

Biomedical Waste Incinerator

The Incinerator is double chambered and is designed on “controlled air” incineration principle with a minimum of 100% excess air with Air Pollution Control Device as per CPCB Guidelines. Both the incinerator chambers are fitted with burners. The refractory lining of the chamber shall be strong enough to sustain minimum temperature of 1000o C in the primary chamber and 1200o C in the secondary chamber. The refractory & insulating bricks should have minimum 115 mm thickness each and conform to IS-8 &IS-2042 standards respectively.

Layout of Incinerator with Venturi Scrubber

CONTROL PANEL
PRIMARY BURNER
PRIMARY CHAMBER
WASTE CHARGING DOOR
DE-ASHING DOOR
COMBUSTION AIR FAN
SECONDARY CHAMBER
SECONDARY BURNER
FUEL OIL TANK
EMERGENCY STACK
VENTURI SCRUBBER
DROPLET SEPARATOR
RE-CIRCULATION TANK
RE-CIRCULATION PUMP
EMERGENCY OVERHEAD TANK
I.D FAN WITH MOTOR

Autoclave

While treating various patients in a hospital, a lot of waste like plastic bottles, I.V. bottles, I.V. sets/tubes, Gloves, Catheters, urobags, blood bags, syringes, broken ampoules,needles, blades etc., are generated and its improper disposal assume importance to serious health problems.Therefore, it is essential to treat such waste to make it free from the danger of spreading diseases. To achieve this, steam sterilization is safe and economically easy way. Steam steriilization is a process without release of toxic fumes and gases to atmosphere. Secondary sterilization unit ensures complete drain sterilization. Loading and unloading carriage is made of stainless steel with enclosed sheet to avoid any spillage of liquid waste. It is designed to slide easily from chamber to trolley for a smooth movement.

Chemical disinfections/Sterilization

While treating various patients in a hospital, a lot of contaminated plastic- items such as I.V. bottles, catheters, syringes, gloves, culture- plates etc., are generated and its proper disposal assume importance to serious health problems in consideration of the environmental safety regulations. Therefore, it is essential to make such waste to make it free from the danger of spreading diseases and in order to achieve this either chemical disinfection by using 1% hypo-chlorite solution or steam sterilization process arerecommended without the release of toxic fumes, gases to atmosphere.

Shredder

Shredder is completely enclosed system covered with the MS panels from all side to avoid any spillage of the waste material. The Shredder blades are specially designed to Shred waste sharp, syringes, scalpels, Glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampoules, intravenous sets/bottles, blood bags, glove etc. Blades of Shredder are made of stainless steel to prevent from corrosion. The hopper lid and door are fitted with limit switches, which are inter-locked with process start key to avoid starting of the shredder. Shredder is provided with a micro-controller to sense and control all eventualities of stock loading.

Mutilation/cutting system

The treated plastic/sharps waste are mutilated by manual cutting or with the help of a shredder depending upon the quantum of waste generated. The Shredder is a completely enclosed system covered with the MS panels from all side to avoid any spillage of the waste material. The Shredder blades are specially designed to Shred waste sharp, syringes, scalpels, Glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampoules, intravenous sets/bottles, blood bags, glove etc.

Effluent Treatment Plant

ETP consists of mixing tank, dosing tank, primary clarifier, lamina clarifier, trickling filter, secondary clarifier, filter bed and sludge drying bed. All liquid waste generated in the process of Biomedical Waste Treatment are treated with lime, alum and polyelectrolyte in the concerned mixer/dosing tanks. Further the liquid is sent for stage-wise filtration and the sludge is separated for drying and destruction. The treated water is recycled for the use of plantations as well as floor washing.

Well -defined Transportation System

Transportation of bio medical waste is done on a daily route plan in a specially designed and fully enclosed vehicles of commercial registration as per the Rules. Vehicles are fully enclosed body with lock system, one side opening and are kept solely for transportation of waste.

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